A. Background.
Spectrum Investment Advisors, Inc. (“SIA”) is a registered investment adviser with the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). SIA, formerly known as Christiansen Investments, Inc., began
providing advisory services in November 1999. SIA specializes in assisting institutional clients in
establishing 401(k) pension, profit sharing plans and other retirement plans and in monitoring investments
in the plans. It also provides wealth management services to individuals and other clients. SIA is
principally owned by Jonathan J. Marshall and other minority shareholders including James F. Marshall.
SIA does not control any other firm, nor is it under common control with any other firm.
B. Services
Plan Consulting Services
SIA’s Plan Consulting Services include:
1. Policy Formation and Financial Summaries. A defined investment policy is the foundation on
which the administration and management of institutional plan assets are built. To properly review
investment performance, it must be measured against specific goals and objectives set forth in a client’s
written policy statement. SIA helps clients prepare their statement to the extent clients ask for such
assistance.
To develop policies and objectives for an institutional account, an SIA representative first meets with the
client to obtain background information about the client, the client’s investment objectives, and the
composition of the client’s portfolio, or expected portfolio, and investment restrictions. An analysis of
that information is then made and, if requested by a client, SIA prepares an investment policy statement
for the client’s review and approval. The statement is the framework for the management of plan assets
and establishes objectives, risk tolerances, procedural guidelines, performance criteria and performance
evaluation requirements.
2. Selection of Investment Categories. Once an investment policy is developed, SIA assists a client
by recommending various investment categories for the client’s retirement plan. SIA recommends no-
load mutual funds from Fidelity Investments, T. Rowe Price, Vanguard, J.P. Morgan, American Funds
and other mutual fund companies. In addition, SIA may recommend no-load group annuities which
provide a menu of various sub-account investment choices within the annuity to plan sponsors.
3. Selection of Investment Choices and Asset Allocations. SIA will make recommendations
concerning the investment choices available in no-load mutual funds, collective investment trusts (“CIT”)
and no-load annuity sub-accounts. This process is designed to assist a client in determining the most
appropriate mix of assets based on plan objectives and historical rates of return for the various classes of
assets, including equities, bonds and cash. Other important factors considered are the client’s risk
tolerance, and the impact of different types of investments in relation to the client’s disbursement and
income requirements. Before making such recommendations, SIA reviews historical investment
performance data by comparing various asset allocation mixes and their rates of return and risk level.
When SIA is providing services as defined under Section 3(38) (“3(38) services”) of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) SIA has discretionary authority to determine investment
choices.
4. Periodic Reviews and Meetings. On a quarterly basis, SIA monitors the performance of the
client’s investment choices and overall performance of the account and provides periodic advice
regarding possible changes to the investment selections. Such reviews are made no less frequently than
annually. Meetings, scheduled by mutual agreement between the client and SIA, will be held to discuss
investment performance and, if necessary, alternative investments.
For some clients, as plan investment reviews are made, SIA provides advice regarding whether
investment selections should be added or deleted. Such changes may be required if a particular investment
is not meeting plan objectives. The final selections are always made by the client.
When SIA is providing 3(38) services, SIA has discretionary authority to make investment decisions on
behalf of the client.
5. Fiduciary Support. SIA provides fiduciary support to our Plan Consulting clients. SIA provides
training and guidance on best practices, regulatory updates, documentation of plan decision, expenses
analysis and benchmarking.
6. Written Reports. SIA provides clients with quarterly plan performance reports and semi-annual
reports which summarizes plan performance against one or more market benchmarks and also appropriate
investment style categories.
7. Meeting with Participants. If agreed upon with the Plan Consulting client, SIA representatives
will meet one on one with individual participants. These meetings discuss appropriate asset allocations
and contribution rates for investor objectives, as well as address other retirement plan topics or
questions. SIA representatives make specific recommendations to participants in attempt to achieve a
particular objective. SIA representatives may hold group meetings with plan participants to communicate
universal topics such as updates to plan provisions or investment education.
8. Financial Wellness. As an expansion upon the meetings with participants described above, SIA
may provide plan participants more specific guidance related to their overall financial wellness. These
services allow greater attention to be given to other areas of financial needs or goals beyond retirement
planning. Topics include maintaining a budget, debt reduction, personal savings and investment
strategies, college savings, among other things.
9. Custodian and Administrator Selection. Because plan custodian and administrator selections are
such an integral part of
establishing a plan and having it work, SIA will, if needed, assist clients by
recommending appropriate custodians and plan trustees/administrators. To the extent that a client already
has a custodian or plan administrator, SIA can, if requested to do so, evaluate the level of services being
provided.
All Plan Consulting Services advice is based on information provided by the client. It is the client's
responsibility to be certain that SIA has current and accurate information.
Spectrum Investor® Fund Monitoring Scorecard Services
Our services begin by SIA reviewing a client’s existing mix of investments made available. SIA then
provides the client with a Spectrum Investor® Fund Monitoring Scorecard™ report periodically, which
includes the performance (1 year, 3 year, 5 year, 10 year) of each investment selected by the client; the
aggregate historical performance of comparative securities for the same periods; a numerical performance
ranking developed by SIA; and the years the client’s investment portfolio managers have served as
managers.
SIA also meets with representatives of the client, at times mutually acceptable to the client and SIA, to
discuss the Scorecard report and investment performance of the client’s plan investment selections. SIA
also advises a client of appropriate investment categories for the client’s retirement plan and about group
annuities and mutual funds which are consistent with the investment categories selected by a client.
Wealth Management Services
SIA provides investment management services which involve making investments for a client’s account,
including retirement accounts, based on the individual needs of the client and then managing the
investments made. Services may include providing advice on the client’s overall asset allocation,
including assets managed by external managers and making recommendations regarding the selection,
retention and investment/performance of the other managers. After personal discussions in which goals
and objectives based on a client's particular circumstances, objectives and restrictions are established, SIA
develops a client's personal investment policy and creates and manages a portfolio based on that policy.
SIA manages advisory accounts on a discretionary basis. This means that after obtaining discretionary
authority in writing from a client, SIA will make purchases and sales as it deems necessary. Account
supervision is guided by the stated objectives of each client (e. g., capital appreciation, growth, income, or
growth and income).
SIA generally creates a portfolio consisting of various no-load mutual funds and exchange-traded funds
(ETFs). In addition, for certain clients based on their specific needs, SIA may also utilize other securities,
including stocks, bonds, interval funds, no-load annuity contracts, non-traded real estate investment trusts,
business development companies, unregistered private funds, private placements and other alternative
securities as well as external managers. SIA will allocate the client's assets among these various
investments taking into consideration the client’s investment objective, risk profile, and overall
management style selected by the client. The mutual funds and ETFs will be selected on the basis of any
or all of the following criteria: the fund performance history; the industry sector in which the fund invests;
the track record of the fund manager; the fund's investment objectives; the fund management style and
philosophy; and the fund management fee structure. Portfolio weighting between funds and market
sectors will be determined by each client's individual needs and circumstances. Certain types of securities
(e.g., unregistered private funds and private placements) will be evaluated as investment selections based
upon the individual goals of the client and financial qualifications as determined by the security’s offering
documents. External account managers (investment advisers) recommended by SIA are monitored for
performance, consistency with investment objectives and process and management changes.
Clients have the opportunity to place reasonable restrictions on the types of investments which will be
made on the client's behalf.
Clients may request financial planning services which is included in their investment management
services. Financial planning services may include financial position planning, retirement planning,
income tax estimates, business planning and preparation of a financial plan. All financial planning advice
is provided on a non-discretionary basis and clients are responsible for deciding what advice to act upon.
Financial Planning Services
SIA offers financial planning services to clients as a standalone service. Financial planning services may
include financial position planning, retirement planning, income tax estimates, business planning and
preparation of a financial plan. All financial planning advice is provided on a non-discretionary basis and
clients are responsible for deciding what advice to act upon.
Investment Consulting Services
SIA offers consulting services based on the scope agreed upon between SIA and the client. Services may
include providing advice on the client’s overall asset allocation, including assets managed by external
managers and offering guidance on the selection, retention and investment/performance of the other
managers. External account managers (investment advisers) recommended by SIA are monitored for
performance, consistency with investment objectives and process and management changes.
C. Assets Under Management and Advisement
As of December 31, 2023, SIA had discretionary assets under management of $719,388,251and
$5,434,965 of non-discretionary assets under management. In addition, SIA had $3,026,116,917 of assets
under advisement as of December 31, 2023.