FMR Investment Management (UK) Limited (“FMR UK”) is authorized by the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority to provide, among other things, investment advisory, asset management, dealing and insurance intermediation services. FMR UK provides investment advisory and portfolio management services as a sub-adviser to certain of Fidelity Management & Research Company LLC’s (“FMR”) clients, including investment companies in the Fidelity family of mutual funds (the “Fidelity Funds” or “Fidelity group of funds”). FMR UK may provide portfolio management services as an adviser or sub-adviser to clients of other affiliated and unaffiliated advisers. FMR UK, a subsidiary of Fidelity Management & Research Company LLC, which itself is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FMR LLC, succeeded to the business of Fidelity Management & Research (U.K.) Inc. (“FMR (U.K.) Inc.”) in 2015, including FMR (U.K.) Inc.’s registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). FMR (U.K.) Inc. had been registered with the SEC since 1987. FMR UK may also provide other services to affiliated or unaffiliated parties that may require licensing in the local jurisdiction. FMR UK provides investment supervisory services, including sub-advisory services, to institutional accounts, principally investment companies (also referred to as “mutual funds”) registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). FMR UK may provide to certain investment company and other institutional clients of FMR or its affiliates research, investment advisory, and/or discretionary asset management services principally relating to securities of issuers located outside of North America, including in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe. FMR UK or its affiliates provide all necessary office facilities and personnel for servicing the funds' investments, and pays the salaries and fees of all officers of the funds, members of the Boards of Trustees who are “interested persons” of the funds, FMR UK or its affiliates, and all personnel of the funds, FMR UK, or its affiliates who perform services relating to research, statistical and investment activities. Though FMR UK advises the mutual funds and other institutional accounts it manages regarding certain commodity interests, FMR UK is not registered as a commodity pool operator or commodity trading adviser. Certain employees of FMR UK may provide services or products other than investment advisory services or products to or on behalf of affiliated or unaffiliated companies. As part of its non-discretionary advisory services, FMR UK or its affiliates provide investment research services, which may include written research notes and ratings and portfolio modeling services. FMR UK or its affiliates may provide this research to other affiliates and unaffiliated investment managers and financial institutions, in some instances on a delayed basis. In addition, FMR UK or its affiliates, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees of each fund in the Fidelity group of funds, provide the management and administrative services necessary for the operation of the Fidelity group of funds. These services include: providing facilities for maintaining each fund’s organization; supervising relations with custodians, transfer and pricing agents, accountants, underwriters and other persons dealing with the funds; at the direction of the funds, preparing all general shareholder communications and conducting shareholder relations; at the direction of the funds, maintaining each fund’s records and the registration and notice filing status of each fund’s shares under federal and state law, respectively; developing management and shareholder services for each fund; and furnishing reports, evaluations and analyses on a variety of subjects to the Board of Trustees of each fund in the Fidelity group of funds. In certain instances,

FMR UK or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by its advisory contracts, delegates investment discretion over all or a portion of the portfolio to one or more sub-advisers, including FMR UK’s affiliates and various subsidiaries and affiliates of FIL Limited (“FIL”). If FMR UK or its affiliates engage FIL or another unaffiliated entity to sub-advise an FMR UK fund or account, or a portion of an FMR UK fund or account, the sub-adviser’s policies and procedures, including trade allocation and conflicts of interest, will apply to that fund or account, except for certain fund Board-approved affiliated transaction policies subject to applicable law. FMR UK has access to investment research on a substantially delayed basis from various subsidiaries and affiliates of FIL, which are investment advisers registered with the SEC operating principally in the United Kingdom, Japan and Hong Kong, or Participating Affiliates (as defined below) of such registered advisors. Certain of FIL’s subsidiaries and affiliates (including Fidelity Investments Canada ULC (“FIC”)), which are companies not registered with the SEC (each, a “Participating Affiliate”), have access to information (such as through employees who work for both a FIL registered adviser and the unregistered FIL subsidiary or affiliate) concerning securities recommendations for the registered adviser’s U.S. clients. Additionally, each of FMR LLC, the ultimate parent company of FMR UK, and FIL Limited have contracted on an arms-length basis for the provision of compliance monitoring and reporting services in their respective jurisdictions. As such, certain individuals supporting compliance and operations functions will have access to information concerning securities recommendations for each others' clients. Subsidiaries of FIL Limited also distribute investment strategies advised by FMR UK and its affiliates outside of the U.S. FMR UK disclaims that it is a related person of FIL. In the course of FMR UK’s providing its investment advisory services, a portfolio manager, analyst or other employee of FMR UK or its affiliates will, from time to time, express views regarding a particular company, security, industry or market sector. The views expressed by any such person are the views of only that individual as of the time expressed and do not necessarily represent the views of FMR UK or its affiliates or any other person in the Fidelity organization. Any such views are subject to change at any time based upon market or other conditions and FMR UK disclaims any responsibility to update such views. These views may not be relied on as investment advice and, because investment decisions for an account managed by FMR UK or its affiliates are based on numerous factors, may not be relied on as an indication of trading intent on behalf of any such account. FMR UK or its affiliates generally have authority to determine which securities to purchase or sell and the total amount of such purchases and sales. However, with respect to each discretionary account, FMR UK’s and its affiliates’ authority is subject to certain limitations, including the applicable investment objectives, policies and restrictions. These limitations are based on a variety of factors, including regulatory constraints and policies formally imposed by a client or its governing body (e.g., Board of Trustees) through, for example, a management agreement. With respect to FMR UK’s registered investment company clients, many of the applicable investment policies and limitations are set forth in each client’s registration statement filed with the SEC. As of December 31, 2023, FMR UK managed $14,663,159,397 of client assets on a discretionary basis. As of December 31, 2023, FMR UK did not manage any client assets on a non-discretionary basis.