Jay  A.  Fishman,  Ltd.  (JAF)  began  business  in  April,  1970  (formerly  under  the  name  Equity 
Management and Research, Inc.) with four initial shareholders to provide investment counseling 
and portfolio management services.   Since 1983, Jay A. Fishman, one of the original founders, 
has been the sole shareholder.  The firm is an independent investment advisor registered with the 
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission  under  the  Investment  Advisers  Act  of  1940.    We  were 
incorporated in the State of Michigan in 1970 and are headquartered in Troy, Michigan.  As of 
December 31, 2023, our discretionary client assets tabulated to $959,093,702. 
The  firm’s  business  is  providing  fee-based  investment  counseling  services,  including  portfolio 
management, to high net worth individuals and families, corporations and charitable institutions.  
Client portfolios are separately managed and constructed with individually selected securities in 
accordance with the client’s investment objective which reflects such considerations as growth, 
income, time horizons, liquidity needs, risk tolerance and tax considerations.  We believe that each 
client has unique investment requirements and therefore we do not invest in packaged products or 
model portfolios and also do not participate in broker-dealer sponsored wrap fee programs.  We 
generally do not invest in mutual funds unless directed by clients.  We believe that the fees and 
charges associated with these packaged products and mutual funds are often high, and therefore 
detrimental to long term investment performance.   
Our  portfolio  management  team  consists  of  Jay  A.  Fishman,  Todd  M.  Ifkovits,  CFA,  Eric  J. 
Fishman and Viorica Fuchs.  All are Fiduciaries and SEC Registered Investment Advisors (RIAs). 
These are our supervised persons.  Our management team utilizes fundamental research to select 
each investment. All equity and fixed income securities are analyzed to conform to the client’s 
investment objective.  We believe in intermediate to long term investing and do not engage in short 
term trading or market timing.  We seek to provide a high level of client service and consider tax 
implications by emphasizing long term capital gains in taxable portfolios.  When requested to do 
so, we can work together with client’s accountants, attorneys and other professional advisers to 
help provide seamless and comprehensive advice for the client’s benefit.    
JAF does not serve as an attorney, accountant or insurance agent, and no portion of our investment 
services should be construed as legal, accounting or insurance services.  To the extent requested 
by  a  client,  we  may  recommend  the  services  of  other  professionals  for  certain  non-investment 
purposes.    The  client  is  under  no  obligation  to  engage  the  services  of  any  such  recommended 
professional. The client retains absolute discretion over all such implementation decisions and is 
free to accept or reject any recommendation from JAF and/or its representatives.   Please Note: If 
the  client  engages  any  recommended  unaffiliated  professional,  and  a  dispute  arises  thereafter 
relative to such engagement, the client agrees to seek recourse exclusively from and against the 
engaged professional. At all times, the engaged licensed professional(s) (i.e. attorney, accountant, 
insurance  agent,  etc.), and  not  JAF, shall be responsible for the quality  and competency of the 
services provided. 
Please Note: Retirement Rollovers - Potential for Conflict of Interest: A client or prospective 
client leaving an employer typically has four options regarding an existing retirement plan (and 
may engage in a combination of these options): (i) leave the money in the former employer’s plan, 
if permitted, (ii) roll over the assets to the new employer’s plan, if one is available and rollovers 
are permitted, (iii) roll over to an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”), or (iv) cash out the 
account value (which could, depending upon the client’s age, result in adverse tax consequences). 
If JAF recommends that a client roll over their retirement plan assets into an account to be managed 
by JAF, such a recommendation may create a conflict of interest if JAF will earn new (or increase 
its current) compensation as a result of the rollover. When acting in such capacity, JAF serves as 
a fiduciary under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), or the Internal Revenue 
Code, or both.  No client is under any obligation to rollover retirement plan assets to an account 
managed by JAF. JAF’s Chief Compliance Officer, Diane Bedenko, remains available to address 
any questions that a client or prospective client may have regarding the potential for conflict of 
interest presented by such rollover recommendation. 
Unaffiliated  Private  Investment  Funds.  JAF  may  also  provide  investment  advice  regarding 
unaffiliated  private  investment  funds.  JAF,  on  a  non-discretionary  basis,  may  recommend  that 
certain qualified clients consider an investment in unaffiliated private investment funds. JAF’s role 
relative to the private investment funds shall be limited to its initial and ongoing due diligence and 
investment  monitoring  services.  If  a  client  determines  to  become  a  private  fund  investor,  the 
amount of assets invested in the fund(s) shall be included as part of “assets under management” 
for purposes of JAF determining its investment advisory fee per Item 5 below. JAF’s clients are 
under absolutely no obligation to consider or make an investment in a private investment fund(s). 
Please Note: Private investment funds generally involve various risk factors, including, but not 
limited to, potential for complete loss of principal, liquidity constraints and lack of transparency. 
A  complete  discussion  of  which  is  set  forth  in  each  fund’s  offering  documents,  which  will  be 
provided to each client for review and consideration. Unlike liquid investments that a client may 
own, private investment funds do not provide daily liquidity or pricing. Each prospective client 
investor will be required to complete a Subscription Agreement, provided by the Fund Sponsor, 
pursuant to which the client shall establish that he/she is qualified for investment in the fund, and 
acknowledges and accepts the various risk factors that are associated with such an investment. 
Please Also Note: Valuation. In the event that JAF references private investment funds owned by 
the  client  on  any  supplemental  account  reports  prepared  by  JAF,  the  value(s)  for  all  private 
investment funds owned by the client shall reflect the most recent independent Fund valuation.  If 
no  subsequent  valuation  post-purchase  is  provided  then  the  valuation  shall
                                        
                                        
                                              reflect  the  initial 
purchase  price  (and/or  a  value  as  of  a  previous  date),  or  the  current  value(s)  (either  the  initial 
purchase price and/or the most recent valuation provided).  If the valuation reflects initial purchase 
price (and/or a value as of a previous date), the current value(s) (to the extent ascertainable) could 
be significantly more or less than original purchase price. The client’s advisory fee shall be based 
upon reflected fund value(s). 
As discussed below at Item 12, when requested to recommend a broker-dealer/custodian for client 
accounts,  JAF  generally  recommends  that  Schwab  Advisor  Services  serve  as  the  broker-
dealer/custodian for client investment management assets. Broker-dealers may charge brokerage 
commissions  and/or  transaction  fees  for  effecting  securities  transactions.  In  addition  to  JAF’s 
investment advisory fee, brokerage commissions and/or transaction fees, clients will also incur, 
relative to all mutual fund and exchange traded fund purchases, charges imposed at the fund level 
(e.g. management fees and other fund expenses). The fees charged by Schwab Advisor Services 
or any broker-dealer/custodian directed by the client, as well as the charges imposed at the mutual 
fund and exchange traded fund level, are in addition to JAF’s advisory fee referenced in Item 5 
below. 
Portfolio Activity. JAF has a fiduciary duty to provide services consistent with the client’s best 
interest.  As  part  of  its  investment  advisory  services,  JAF  will  review  client  portfolios  on  an 
ongoing basis to determine if any changes are necessary based upon various factors, including, but 
not  limited  to,  investment  performance,  market  and  economic  conditions,  account 
additions/withdrawals,  and/or  a  change  in  the  client’s  investment  objective.  Based  upon  these 
factors, there may be  extended periods of time when JAF  determines  that changes  to  a  client’s 
portfolio  are  neither  necessary  nor  prudent.  Advisory  fees  remain  payable  during  periods  of 
account  inactivity.  Of  course,  as  indicated  below,  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  investment 
decisions made by JAF will be profitable or equal any specific performance level(s).  
Client  Obligations.  In  performing  our  services,  JAF  shall  not  be  required  to  verify  any 
information  received  from  the  client  or  from  the  client’s  other  professionals,  and  is  expressly 
authorized to rely thereon. Moreover, each client is advised that it remains his/her/its responsibility 
to promptly notify JAF if there is ever any change in his/her/its financial situation or investment 
objectives for the purpose of reviewing/evaluating/revising our previous recommendations and/or 
services. 
Please Note: Investment Risk. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, 
and it should not  be assumed that future performance of any specific investment  or investment 
strategy (including the investments and/or investment strategies recommended or undertaken by 
JAF) will be profitable or equal any specific performance level(s). 
Portfolio Managers 
Jay A. Fishman/President - Before forming Jay A. Fishman, Ltd. in 1970, Mr. Fishman (age 79) 
was an Investment Analyst with the National Bank of Detroit’s (now JP Morgan Chase & Co.) 
Trust Investment Division.  Prior to that time, he was an Instructor of Finance with the School of 
Business at Western Michigan University, from which he had previously attained Bachelor (1966) 
and Master (1967) of Business Administration degrees.  During this period, Mr. Fishman also co-
authored the book “Corporations In Conflict: The Tender Offer” and several related articles. 
Mr. Fishman was a founder of Jay A. Fishman, Ltd (formerly Equity Management and Research, 
Inc.) in April 1970.  In the 1970 to present period, Mr. Fishman’s activities include investment 
research, portfolio management and client relations.  Mr. Fishman is currently a member of the 
Metropolitan Club of New York, the Detroit Athletic Club and the Grosse Pointe Yacht Club.  He 
served as a founding Director of the Western Michigan University Foundation from its inception 
in  1976  until  2004.   In  addition,  Mr.  Fishman  was  an  organizer  of  Valley  Commerce  Bank  in 
Phoenix,  Arizona  in  1994  and  served  as  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  Executive 
Committee  until  he  led  the  Bank’s  sale  in  April,  2005.   He  has  also  served  on  three  other 
community banks' Board of Directors. 
Todd  M.  Ifkovits  CFA/Senior  Portfolio  Manager  -  Mr.  Ifkovits  (age  57)  commenced 
employment  with  Jay  A.  Fishman,  Ltd.  in  November  1997.   Prior  to  joining  the  firm,  he  was 
employed as a Vice President and Portfolio Manager with Comerica Bank in Detroit, Michigan 
where  he  spent  seven  years  managing  individual  stock  and  bond  portfolios  for  high-net  worth 
individuals  and  tax-exempt  foundations.   Mr.  Ifkovits  received  a  Master  of  Business 
Administration (1993) from the University of Detroit and a Bachelor of Arts (1989) in Financial 
Administration  from  Michigan  State  University.   He  received  the  Chartered  Financial  Analyst 
(CFA) designation in 1997.  Mr. Ifkovits is a member of the CFA Institute, the CFA Society of 
Detroit, the Detroit Athletic Club and the Lochmoor Club. 
Eric J. Fishman, Portfolio Manager/Investment Analyst - Eric J. Fishman (age 27) is a Portfolio 
Manager/Investment  Analyst  with  Jay  A.  Fishman,  Ltd.  Prior  to  his  employment,  Eric  spent 
several summers as an analytical intern with the company. Eric attended Upper Canada College in 
Toronto,  Canada,  and  received  an  International  Baccalaureate  Diploma.  He  then  studied  at  the 
University of Michigan and received a Bachelor of Arts Degree, With Distinction, and majored in 
Economics.  Following  graduation  from  the  University  of  Michigan,  Eric  was  employed  by 
Aspirant in Los Angeles in their Wealth Management department.  Eric is a member of the Detroit 
Athletic Club and the Grosse Pointe Yacht Club. 
Viorica  Fuchs,  Portfolio  Manager/Investment  Analyst  -  Ms.  Fuchs,  (age  59)  commenced 
employment  with  Jay  A.  Fishman,  Ltd.  in  February  2001.    Ms.  Fuchs  has  been  extensively 
involved  in  all  operational  and  administrative  activities  of  the  firm  including  portfolio 
administration, trading and client and broker services.  Ms. Fuchs received a Master of Business 
Administration  with  specialization  in  Finance  from  Walsh  College  (2015)  and  a  Bachelor  of 
Business Administration, with a concentration in finance and accounting, from Walsh College of 
Business in 2009.  Ms. Fuchs is a member of the Economic Club of Detroit.